New Zealand's justice system

New Zealand's justice system  and a guide to New Zealand's naming practices.

How does the legal system in New Zealand work, what are the main judicial institutions, what types of courts exist, and what are procedures for changing the surname or name,

The name of the child may be freely attached to any person as long as it does not violate public order and morals and under New Zealand law different from other legal systems. When a child turns 18 or older, he can change his name almost freely.

After marriage, a married couple can bear the surname of one or both parties. When a woman adds her husband's last name to her, it can be separated by a hyphen.

These are some of the questions we will answer in this text, and we will also say what role lawyers have in preserving the rights of defendants, how to become a lawyer, and what lawyers do in that regard.

The main court in the country is the Supreme Court and it is above all other courts. Below it is the Court of Appeals, and the higher court, and other lower courts. The Supreme Court of Justice is located in the capital. 

The basic principle of the law is the Priority of national laws over foreign laws. Constitutions are the highest law in some countries and other laws of lower legal force. It should also be borne in mind that our state and its parliament were and remain one of the leading democracies, while the judiciary, on the other hand, protects human rights and prevents lower courts from ruling against human rights in judicial recognition and adjudication proceedings. 

Advocacy is a very important profession for the functioning of the judicial system in our country. Lawyers are organized into bar associations. It should be noted that our country was the one that repealed many laws that created discrimination, and in that sense, the courts protect the established rights of citizens. In many cases where the defendant is sentenced to imprisonment for murder, the sentences are very long, and in those situations the sentence has an educational character, and serves to convince other possible perpetrators not to commit crimes. Temporary bylaws of the administration have 66 articles and 2 chapters; the fifth part of the decree lists judicial bodies, from authorized judges, elected judges, ordinary mayors, civil and criminal judges from the lowest to the highest courts. In this way, this body also consists of representatives of the Ministry of Justice of the sector: the state prosecutor who participated in criminal and non-criminal cases; after that, the other participants in the procedure must be listed, and there are also the defenders of juveniles, in proceedings for juvenile delinquency, and then the proxies - defenders for acts of economic crime.

The main court in the country is the Supreme Court and it is above all other courts. Below it is the Court of Appeals, below is the higher court, and there are lower courts. The Supreme Court of Justice is located in the capital. Court housed is a building of classical architecture and very interesting style. The statutes of lower courts determine their organization and functioning, and the statute is a very important legal act for one court. Let us remind you that there are other regulations and laws that are important for the functioning of the judiciary and the judiciary in the country. Regulations and laws are the first legal instrument to organize the jurisdiction of the administration of justice. In addition to the citizens themselves, lawyers who are their representatives and attorneys often appear before the court. 

 

When the republican system was established, the appeal passed to the executive director. It should be noted that the vice-president of the court was a judge who supervises the case when the vice-president of the Republic, in case of serious illness, absence, death, resignation or other reason that could occur to the president. As soon as the Constitutional Law was passed, the Law on Political Administration of our country, better known as the new Constitution, was adopted. It should be reminded that the National Success of the Judicial System was based on respect for the law, the principle of separation of judicial power, independent judges and independent advocacy and lawyers who protect the rights of citizens in proceedings before courts and administrative bodies. . The Ministry of Justice, among other branches of government and the executive in judicial matters, was the sole judge of the causes of human and minority rights. Lawyers, on the other hand, appear to be a significant factor in regulating public death and attempts to pardon the death penalty and interpret the law in cases of doubt in your application. The mayors and judges consulted with the senior appellate judge, who transferred the court file to the consul's decision. Imprisonment for the most serious acts would be much more frequent without the independence of lawyers who can defend defendants without pressure from the public and the other side. Parliament - The name Parliament was given to the Court of Justice by the Law on Parliament https://advokatiubeogradu.rs/en - which increased the number of its members incomparably. The Law on the Judicial System and the Judiciary recognizes the Supreme Court of Justice as the highest court of the State and increases the number of its members. The judiciary is the guardian of law and order, the Supreme Court. It interprets, fulfills and enforces laws. The administration of justice is subject to the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court of Justice, appellate courts, lower courts, dream courts and the district court. Advocacy as an independent profession helps protect the law and the constitution. Each Court in the country consists of 2 chambers, each consisting of 4 judges: the Constitutional Chamber, the Criminal and Commercial Chambers and the Family Chamber of Judges. Independence of the Judiciary - In a just state based on the law and the constitution of law, the independence of the judiciary is an essential condition of its organization. The independence of the judiciary is guaranteed and the only possible way to be the guardian of the constitution, the law and the rights of citizens. Only the latter judges can hear and decide on acts of a disputed nature. In no case members of other authorities government ministers or other officials cannot assume judicial powers.

 The emergence of the bar and the predecessors of the first bar association are names that are more or less known and today many and well-known names from the past. A long time ago, the first bar association was formed, called the main bar association, which had its own statute and other legal acts. In later years, this association outgrew its initial borders, and after the adoption of the law on advocacy, it became very important for the society, so on the basis of the new statute, it changed the legal profession. The lawyers, who were its members at the time, met at the first session. year in the amphitheater of the Faculty of Law and Science, with the aim of making a plan for the adoption of new laws on advocacy and further development of the Bar Association. At that time, the assembly was chaired by the dean of the Faculty of Law and his assistant, who was also a lawyer. On that occasion, the lawyers, in discussions and brief discussions, explained to the audience the circumstances that required the realization of the idea of ​​establishing a bar association, giving an overview of the preliminary work done at other meetings. All issues related to the new law were under consideration, and then, among others, amendments to the draft law were made by members of parliament and representatives of the judiciary. Lawyers cannot have powers that are not explicitly determined by this law ... Those who violate the legality of the judiciary and its judges will be excluded from the judiciary from performing any public office for 3 consecutive years, in addition to penalties established by law, and for the most serious offenses imprisonment may also be imposed. Independence of the Bar - We are talking about the independence of the bar when the bar association or a state body has the capacity to manage its own resources. The judiciary and the executive enjoy no influence on the independence of the legal profession. In the general budget of the nation, an amount of not less than 1 percent of the budget will be allocated for the needs of improving human rights. The budget of the Bar Association is filled by lawyers from membership fees, and all its costs and investments - advokat za nekretnine - will be verified by the Office of the President of the Bar Association. The Bar Assembly has decided to form an Interim Law Drafting Committee, which will be chaired by the Deputy Bar Association. After that, the draft statute of the legal profession was made, which will regulate the status of the law firm, the joint bar and the joint law offices. The role of the governing body of the legal profession was played by the Ministry of Justice. 

 

The Bar Association was formed and continued to operate independently of the court and the executive. The first board of directors of the chamber was constituted by the dean of the faculty of law, the vice-president of the bar association, the general secretary of the appointment committee, the professional secretary of the disciplinary commission of the chamber. That year, the Executive Decree was adopted, which he chaired, regulated the details regarding the protection of the rights of lawyers' clients, the codes of the Bar Association were adopted, as well as the statute and other acts of the Chamber.  Former presidents of the Bar Association, minutes from the meetings of the Assembly of Lawyers and the Board and records of publications in the most popular newspapers in the country, testify to this history that began a long time ago and continued to protect rights and laws. Lawyers must take an oath of office before the president of the chamber and other lawyers at the time when they start practicing. The main goal of lawyers as protectors of defendants and prisoners in prisons is the right to freedom. And every lawyer who did not lose a single lawsuit in his law firm, until one day, after his brilliant defense, in an important process that was going on at the time. It is important to always adhere to your principles of advocacy, the document did not show that he supported it. After retirement, lawyers change their lives. There is currently a Code of Professional Ethics, drafted by a team to draft legal acts. which came into force immediately after the vote. In case of violation of the lawyer, they can be held accountable before the disciplinary prosecutor and the Court, which is an independent electoral court with its own regulations. Since then, generations of well-known lawyers and jurists have gone through this system, leaving a deep mark in the legal profession. The struggle for human rights, woman and family rights - advokat za razvod - is the basic motive for which they fought and fought, in the circumstances of each of their lawyers. Although they can do business until old age. These two events rekindled his zeal and he left the bar. In the following years, he devoted himself to reading the law and giving suggestions to younger colleagues. 

 

Legal institutions have very useful rules and acts that provide details on the work of specialized lawyers and law firms, as well as detailed information on procedural law. Lawyers need to gain the respect and trust of their clients by building a relationship of trust. A lawyer with a client has an obligation to maintain legal secrecy, and the lawyer must not violate this rule. Clients feel safe to share personal information about their case with their attorney and this is necessary for a quality defense before the court and the prosecutor. Many other lawyers and masters in law schools and licensed lawyers eventually find work in other professions and in the prosecution service or even become part of the judiciary. However, due to the difficulties in finding a job with traditional legal employers, lawyers usually do not change their profession. When they receive a procedure in which the client is sued for damages or for a misdemeanor for which there is no significant evidence in the indictment, the best lawyers can quickly compile a quality written defense, which they will later explain to the prosecutor, jury and members of the court. The choice of a lawyer who represents the client in the field of practice and at the local level is very important, because it does not matter whether the lawyer specializes  in a particular field of law advokat Beograd or is a lawyer who deals with general practice. It is good when the lawyer has stronger recommendations from legal colleagues, so it is important to seek recommendations for the lawyer who is being hired. All lawyers must meet the criteria according to the law and the statute of the chamber, in order to be able to practice law. As legal lawyers, they must have a law degree and must pass a state bar exam. Lawyers defending juvenile offenders must have additional licenses. If lawyers are involved in a wide range of businesses, then their experience determines what they are especially good at. It is important to mention that changing the lawyer, when the client is not satisfied with the service received, will lead to an increase in costs in the procedure, but it will also be useful for the defendant if he finds the right lawyer. Demand for legal services in a variety of settings, such as financial and brokerage firms, real estate or family law providers, and divorce, is increasing. Various people waiting in front of the court for the scheduled main trial to start are often stressed by the outcome of the proceedings. but when they have an experienced lawyer, he will inform them in advance about the probable outcome of the court proceedings, since he can assume the outcome from experience. Calling a witness or a member of the denial in court can jeopardize the strength and power of the defense, since the most valid witnesses are those who are impartial and who have no contact with the defendant. In any case, the lawyers will try to reject the accusations of their client even when he tried to escape from the police, or if a warrant was issued against him. If the police officers tried to arrest and bring before a misdemeanor judge for false representation and attack on a public servant, it is certainly a serious offense that requires legal representation. After the suspect is arrested and when he is assigned a defense counsel ex officio in the procedure before the public prosecutor, then the pre-criminal procedure lasts, and after that there is a procedure before the court in which he must be represented by a lawyer. According to the Criminal Code, the accused must be present at all times in the courtroom. In the case of damages, if the injured party files a lawsuit in court, the Insurance Company may not give the injured party any compensation, or very little, because they usually have a practice of giving what the deficiencies amount to. Then lawyers have a significant role to play. In family law proceedings and divorce, the help of a lawyer is also indispensable. 

 Lawyers who acted in court in civil proceedings often reported violations of the law. After the Bar Association was established, and the Law on Advocacy was passed, the rule was passed that if someone is previously suspected of a crime - e.g. the crime of aggravated theft - but if there is no evidence, that person must be acquitted of all charges - after his lawyer presents his defense in court and the court must quickly pass a lawful verdict. One of the most interesting cases that took place before the Court of Appeals when Mr. Marko Polski was acquitted, who, after his claims that he did not commit a crime, was first detained for a short time, was searched by the police. But that was a precedent that is no longer repeated in judicial practice.

 

The marriage ceremony was a very stressful event for both partners and the children. Vladisavljević Law Office provides legal assistance in the divorce procedure as well as in other family proceedings when a lawyer for family law is needed. If you want to buy real estate, you need to have your documentation reviewed by a real estate lawyer to prevent disputes and litigation from coming to court later.

When people do not turn to a lawyer, they often do not know how to notice deficiencies in documentation and contracts related to real estate, an apartment or a house they want to buy or sell. They would have to convince the appellate court that a material error had occurred in the law, whether the evidence was admissible or inadmissible, in the instructions of the jury judge or on some other basis. Lawyers, starting from the law school, acquire knowledge in their internship, whether in law offices, in court or in the prosecutor's office or in administrative bodies, which helps them to properly assess the legal situation in each specific case. In order for justice to be satisfied, it is necessary to know the law and the judicial system. A layman who does not know well the justice system, judicial instances and institutes of law and order, can easily overlook a provision that will cause him to lose his right. Obsolescence of rights is also a problem for the individual. If the law is not used in time if the court proceedings and the administrative procedure are not initiated on time or the lawsuit is not submitted to the court in a short time, you may lose the possibility of further proceedings, and then the lawyer can no longer help you. Vladisavljevic Law Office in Belgrade often draws the attention of its clients to these issues, whether they are individuals or companies. The judicial system in the field of commercial law is regulated by the adoption of the law on companies, which regulates in detail the area of ​​the formation of a company, its functioning, decision-making, as well as the manner of representation. The company may be represented before other persons, bodies and the court by lawyers, who are authorized by a lawyer's power of attorney. Also, when harmonizing the legal acts of a company with laws and other regulations, the help of a lawyer is often irreplaceable. If you want to contact the law office in Serbia, lawyer Vladisavljević from Belgrade can help you with his advice. If you have legal claims against third parties, who are responsible for damage or non-performance of contractual obligations or legal obligations towards you, special knowledge is required to file a lawsuit, so it is recommended that you contact a lawyer. be responsible in that way. You can do this by hiring a specialist lawyer or any other lawyer from the list that exists with the local bar association. Proven attorney success in the past is an important part of a client's decision to hire. Before hiring a commercial law attorney, real estate attorney, family and divorce attorney, or inheritance and probate attorney, make sure the attorney has a significant success rate in previous lawsuits. It is also important to have knowledge and successful efforts at the state level and proposed efforts at the international level of knowledge of law and legal issues.

 

Unlike lawyers who deal with crime while preserving the rights of others, and who defend criminals who committed crimes with the use of weapons, in that case a criminal lawyer becomes crucial in the course of the proceedings. The use of weapons in committing criminal acts is becoming more frequent, and even carrying weapons can be a violation of the law. A person, natural person or representative of a legal entity who hires a lawyer in order to protect their rights and legal interests may, in cooperation with their lawyer, initiate proceedings against another representative in court or before a state, municipal or provincial authority. The Vladisavljević Law Office resolutely represents the defendants in various types of lawsuit proceedings. A lawyer who advises another person on a legal issue, whether it is a tax matter or other legal issue, must have a law degree and must have a lawyer's license. when there is no license, then it is overwriting. Overwriting is prohibited. Unlike lawyers, notaries work for the state, and are a branch of the judiciary. In order for a person to become a notary public, it is necessary to meet similar conditions as a lawyer, to have passed the bar exam as well as to have passed the notary exam and to be a member of the chamber of notaries. On the contrary, lawyers are an independent profession of legal services. Lawyers can mediate in concluding contracts, work in counseling and legal consulting. In any case, a law degree is necessary as well as passing the state bar exam. In the area of ​​criminal law, when it comes to the most serious crimes, such as murder, aggravated murder, this is an area that is done by a small number of lawyers. Premeditated murders are an act that is particularly difficult to prove by the prosecution, as well as difficult to defend by defense counsel. If the accused is found guilty and sentenced to punishment, the family of the victim is entitled to compensation. After the verdict, the families of the victims of the murder and their lawyers have a long job to do to compensate, at least in part, for the damage, because the victims cannot be returned. If he was insured, the job of compensation will be somewhat easier. When he is acquitted, he cannot be tried again for the same act, and during the time he unjustifiably spent in detention and imprisonment, he will be able to demand compensation from the state. A convicted person can also ask for help, in person or through his lawyer, but whether he will be approved is always uncertain. According to the law, a person in prison has the right to talk to his lawyer and receive his legal advice. The services of financial lawyers can significantly save costs in financing projects, while tax lawyers can optimize taxes and reduce tax expenditures. After a certain period of time, the convict's lawyer can file a request for parole, usually after 2/3 of the imprisonment has been served. A person serving a prison sentence is also entitled to marital visits by his spouse, husband or wife, when permitted by law. When you need the legal advice of a lawyer for your company - especially a company - especially when it comes to major market participants, lawyers are desperately needed. The companies that allow it hire lawyers as needed and prevent the occurrence of unnecessary violations of the law and contractual obligations they have towards other persons. For that, lawyers need to gain a lot of practical experience. Property lawyers can have a customized way of acting against their client losing some rights.  At the beginning of this century, the parliament passed a law limiting the rewards for abuses in court proceedings and lowering attorneys 'fees when a lawyer acts ex officio after the government concluded that attorneys' fees are high. However, the services of a good lawyer always cost money, and the price is not free. When your divorce is done by a bad lawyer, it can cost you incomparably more than hiring the best lawyer you can find near you. That would be the answers to some of the most important questions concerning the judicial system in our country. This requires knowledge of a large number of laws as well as court case law. When you need the legal services of a lawyer, it is important to consult with your lawyer in your municipality.